| Case Study |
- attempts to shed light on phenomenon by studying in-depth a single case example
- the case can be an individual person, event or institution
- e.g. case study of a patient with chronic bilateral hip pain
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| Grounded Theory |
- to understand the social and psychological processes that characterize an event or situation
- concerned with the generation of theory
- used to uncover things such as social relationships and behaviors of groups
- e.g. exploring the process of the development of an intention to leave bedside nursing
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| Phenomenology |
- describes the structures of experience as they present themselves to consciousness, without looking to theory, deduction, or assumptions from other disciplines
- e.g. women's experience of acute myocardial infarction
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| Ethnography |
- focuses on the sociology of meaning through close field observation of socio-cultural phenomena
- typically, the ethnographer focuses on a community
- e.g. observing medical personnel in a high-volume hospital
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| Historical |
- Describing and examining past events to better understand the present and to anticipate potential effects on the future
- What caused an outbreak of polio in the past that may contribute to outbreaks today
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